Safety lock

ABSTRACT

A padlock which embodies both a variable key-operated device and a variable permutation-operated device independently within a lock. The lock can be locked either by one of the devices or by both of the devices. The lock can be unlocked by a coded key alone only when the variable permutation-operated device is in its unlocked position. Likewise the lock can be unlocked by the combination alone only when the key-operated device is in its unlocked position. When the devices are both in the locked position, the lock can be unlocked only when those who know the combination of the permutation-operated device as well as having possession of a coded key. Means are provided for varying either one or both of the devices by the owner of the lock, thus rendering the original coded key and/or the combination inoperative, hence a new coded key or a new combination or both of them are necessary.

United States Patent [19] Yang I SAFETY LOCK Yin-Lung Yang, 21-9Chih-Yuan Village, Kangshan, China [Taiwan 22 Filed: May 25,1970

21 Appl. No.: 40,188

Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No.654,764, July 20,

1967, Pat. No. 3,546,906.

[76] Inventor:

s21 u.s.c|. 70/21, 70/25, 70/38 c,

i 70/284 51 int. Cl E05b 37/00,E05b 67/22 53 .Field of Search 70/33,34,38 R, as A,

70/38 B, 38 C, 21, 25, 39, 52, 284, 285, 302, 303 R, 315, 326, 346, 382

[56] 5 References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 352,373 11/1886 Speieher70/25 669,295 3/1901 Wendel.... 70/25 1,001,104 8/1911 Wayda 70/211,365,714 1/1921 Margulies.... 70/38 C 2,496,320

2/1950 Vickers 70/38 C [111 3,808,848 [451 May 7,1974

Primary ExaminerAlbert G. Craig, Jr.

[5 7] ABSTRACT When the devices are both 'in the locked position, thelock can be unlocked only when those who know the combination of thepermutation-operated device as well-as having possession of a coded key.Means are provided for varying either one or both of the devices by theowner of the lock, thus rendering the original coded key and/or thecombination inoperative, hence a new coded key or a new combination orboth of them are necessary.

17 Claims, 28 Drawing Figures .lllnnliiillillilllill PATENTEDIAY muSHEET 2 BF 3 FIG; 5'

FIG, 6a

FIG. 6

FIG. 7:2

F/Gf/O /Gf/o PATENTEMY 71914 A Y "3808848 SHEET 3 BF 3 FIG/6. 1 16.17F/GIS m SAFETY LOCK This application is a continuation-in-part ofapplication Ser. No. 654,764 filed July 20, 1967, now US. Pat. No.3,546,906 dated Dec. 15,1970.

This invention relates in general to locks, and more particularly to animproved padlock construction ingiven to the users of the lock arefrequently lost, and

the setting ofcombinations of the permutation device are often learnedby some one cognizant of the users, so that those who find the lost keyor learn the combination may also be able to open the lock easily. Toprevent such an occurrence, the improvements in the lock of my inventionbecome extremely important as they add security against unauthorizedopening of the lock.

' As above noted, an important'object of the present invention is moreparticularly concerned with the security or safety of a lock by lockingthe lock with both said locking devices at the same time or varyingeither one or both of the said devices.

Another object is to provide an improved padlock which may beselectively locked by means of either one of the said devices, when itis preferred for the sake of convenience.

Still another object of the invention is to provide such a lock withmeans to produce an audible feeling in determining the proper distancethe shackle is being pulled up or pushed in for the purpose ofselectively locking the lock by means of either one or both of thelocking devices. v

Still another object of the invention is to provide simple means forvarying the combination of the permutation operated device as well asthe key-operated device individually or simultaneously withoutadditional parts.

Still another object of the invention is to provide in a permutationlock of the dial operated type means whereby the combination can beeasily checked or learned as long as the lock is in its unlockedposition, no matter how long the lock has not been used or thecombination has been forgotten, hence there is no need to look up thecombination records because simple means for observing the correctcombination is provided thereon.

Still another object of the invention is to provide such a lock in whichthe key-operated device indicates the particular coded-key required forthe operation of the said device.

Still another object of the invention is to provide such a lock tofacilitate assembly or disassembly as well as replacement of any wornpart by an unskilled user, thus it need not be sent to-the locksmith forrepair, because there is no riveted or permanently fixed part in thelock and no special technique is required.

Thus, it will be seen that there has been provided in this invention aconstruction in which the various objects above noted, together withmany thoroughly prac- 2 tical advantage, are achieved, and yet may bemanufactured at a relatively low cost, because the structure of thisinvention is mainly and simply made of several circular disks andcylinders.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the followingdescription taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.

In which:

FIG. 1 is a vertical front view of a lock embodying the features of theinvention.

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a lock.

FIG. 3 is a side view of a lock.

FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of a lock.

FIG. 5 is also a front view of a lock showing flange type connectionsbetween the removable cap (J) and the lock body (E).

FIG. 6 is a front view' of the removable cap of the lock.

FIG. 6a is a bottom plan view of the lock.

FIG. 7 is a side view of the rotatable dial and the transfer disk of thelock, showing they are connected firmly by a hollow cylinderical shaftat the center.

FIG. 7a is a bottom plan view of the dial and the transfer disc of FIG.7.

FIG. 8 is a top view of the snap ring.

FIG. 9 is a side view of the permutation disks driving plate.

FIG. 9a is the top plan view of the driving plate of FIG. 9. 0

FIG. 10 is a side view of the permutation disks locking cylinder.

FIG. 10a is a top view of the cylinder of FIG. 10.

FIG. 11 is a top plan view of a ward plate.

FIG. 12 is a side view of the key receiving plates mounted in thex-shaped mounting cup.

FIG. 12a is a top view of the x-shape mounting cup in FIG. 12.

FIG. 13 is a side view of the coded key.

FIG. 14 is a fragmentary view of a section taken transversely throughthe lower end of the lock body to show the operative relationship ofcertain parts of the key-operated mechanism in the locked position.

FIG. 15 is a top plan view of the locking plate g in FIG. 14.

of the removable cap FIG. 16 is a top plan view of the hook f in FIG.I4.

FIG. 17 is a top plan view of the spacing washer l in FIG. 20. FIG. 18is a top plan view of the spacing washers 3,5,7, in FIG. 20.

FIG. 19 is a top plan view of the permutation disks 2,4,6, in FIG. 20.

FIG. 20 is a side view of the shackle and the assembly of permutationdisks and spacing washers mounted on the central arm of the shackle, thecontour at the end of the said arm is the notch for automatic lockingaction of the key operated device.

FIG. 20a is a side view of another contour of the notch at the .end ofthe central arm of the shackle for manually, operated locking action ofthe key operated device.

FIG. 21 is the bottom plan view of the lock body.

FIG. 21a is the front view of the lock body.

The present embodiment of the invention is in the form of a padlock andcomprises in general a casing (E), a shackle (G) having its armsextending into the casing and dial (I) on the top of the cap (J). Thedial has a series of characters marked on its periphery, and a fixedmark is placed on the side wall of the cap (J) to cooperate with thecharacters on the dial. The cap (J) is connected with the casing (E) bysuitable means. The said cap can be removed when the lock is in itsunlocked position for disassembly or access to the internal mechanism ofthe lock. U-shaped shackle (G) embodies two arms in parallel, one of thearms, called a centering arm, slidably and rotatably extends into thelock body through the center opening in the dial and the cap anddownwardly to abut against the bottom, and is capable of being rotatedabout its longitudinal axis when the lock is unlocked and the parallelarm is slid out of the opening in the lug of the body.

8 The assembly of the permutation disks and the spacing washers aremounted midway of the centering arm to hold the shackle in the lockedposition when the lock is locked as will be later described.

All parts and the body may be formed of bronze or any preferred type ofnoncorrosive metal. The invention comprises two major locking devices,one is known as a key-operated device and the other as apermutation-operated device. They are described in detail as follows:

Shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 14 is the key-operated device which occupiesthe lower part of the lock body. It comprises five concentrical wardplates k, l, n, 0, m, a locking plate g, and a hook f, they are the samein thickness (better seen at FIG. 12) and can be interchanged in theirmounting positions except for the top plate and the mounting plate k.The locking plate g and the hook f must be mounted in such a manner thatthey abut against each other in the proper position for the hook toachieve a proper hooking of the locking plate in the-locked positiononly.

Since those interchangable plates are the same-in thickness asdescribed, and the key receiving holes in those plates are different indiameters, it will be observed that interchanging the mounting positionof those plates will have a result of requiring different coded keycontours. Certain numbers are given to,and marked on the face of, thoseplates while zero is given to the locking plate and the hook. Thusthenumerical code marked on the key, generally four digits, willrepresent the mounting' order of the said plates.

As shown in FIG. 12a there are four angular mounting protrusions formedbythe inside wall of the x-shape cup. These protrusions are provided formounting the key receiving ward plates k, l, m, n, 0, locking plate 3,

and the hook f. When the cup together with the plates guide has a flangeat its one end to prevent it from dropping out of the receiving bore inthe bottom of the lock body.

The top plate 0, like the other plates, has four corner cuts thereon formounting over the four angular protrusions on the mounting cuprespectively. The upper face of the plate 0 is located underneath andbearing against the bottom wall of the permutation-disk-locking cylinder(0) when they are assembled, the bottom wall serving as a cover for thekey-operated mechanisms. A smaller hole u drilled in the plate 0 isprovided for receiving the tip of a key and holding the key in itsproper position when the said key is inserted through the key receivingguide and the holes of the key receiving plates.

The locking plate 3 is freely mounted between any two of the selectedkey receiving plates. The said plate g lies between the four angularprotrusions of the mounting cup. These protrusions serve as a guide forlongitudinal movement of the plate g. A spring S (see FIG. 15) clampedat the end of the plate urges the plate to the locked position. A hook fbears against the lock ing plate and lies, with its axis of translationperpendicular to that of the locking plate, in the four angularprotrusions of the mounting cup. These protrusions also serve asa guidefor longitudinal movement of the hook. A spring S clamped at the end ofthe hook urges the hook to grasp the locking plate in 'its locked orunlocked position (FIG. 14 shows in the locked position) by its tooththereon.

The lower end of the centering arm of the shackle, freely protrudesthrough the centeropenings in the key receiving plates and abuts againstthe surface of the bottom of the lock, and has a fixed locking notchthereon for meeting the locking plate. When the locking plate extendsinto the locking notch, the shackle is held in the locked position andthe lock is locked. It is understood that more than one set of thelocking plate and the hook may be utilized. Also, more than one notch inthe shackle may be utilized for better locking action and security ofthe lock. However, whenever the key receiving plates are interchangedfor their new position to vary the use of different coded keys, thelocking plate and the hook must remain in their original installationorder, because the key receiving plates are of the same thickness andthe locking notch in the shackle is fixed as previously described.

The shape of the locking notch at the end of the shackle may be formedinto two different contours, one is for automatic locking action (see pp in FIG. 20) by thespring tension of the locking plate and the hook,when they are actuated by cam action of the notch as the shackle isbeing pushed in, and the other (see FlG. 20a) is for manual operation bymeans of a key to lock the lock when the shackle is in its properposition. Th

said two different contours of the notch have an advantage ordisadvantage one over the other the first one has the advantage of beinglocked without using a key, but it has the disadvantage of possiblybeing locked while the key is unavailable. The second one is contrary tothe first one. i

In the operation of the key-operated device with the above mentionedautomatic locking action notch, just push in the shackle to apredetermined position, the contour of the notch will act as a cam toactuate the hook and release the locking plate, the plate will lockproper coded key into the key receiving guide at the bottom of the lockas far as it can go, and turn the key counter-clockwise to rotate thesaid guide. The bits of the key will first strike the hook in adirection opposing the tension of the spring S and force it to move andrelease the locking plate, the tension of the spring S, will extend thelocking plate and lock the shackle at the notch, then the hook willreturn by the tension of the spring S and grasp the locking plate in itslocked position by its tooth thereon. Turning the key in the clockwisedirection will also first force the hook to release the locking plate,then retract the said plate by the continuous turning action of the keyto its unlocked position and release the shackle, when thepermutationoperated device is also in the unlocked position.

Several pairs of coded-keys are given to the user and when any one ofthem being used is lost, the user can use the remaining one of the samepair to unlock the lock and disassemble it, the lock can be disassembledonly when the lock is unlocked, then interchange the mounting order ofthe above mentioned intermediate key receiving plates in accordance withthe number of the new coded key which is going to be used and thenumbers marked on the plates, and reassemble the lock ready for use. Ifsome one else finds the lost key, and makes the attempt to unlock thelock, the said key will be inoperative to do so.

Whenever the mounting order of the plates is changed, remember that thelocking plate and the hook must remain in their original installationorder as previously described.

The permutation-operated device, referred to above, occupies the upperpart of the lock body. The permutation disks as well as the spacingwashers are the same in thickness, and are mounted on the centering armof the shackle in such a manner that three said disks 2, 4, 6 aremounted alternately between the four spacing washers l, 3, S, 7, (seeFIG. 20). At the center aperture of each washer there is a protrusionformed integrally therewith (see FIG. 17, 18, 20) for extending into thelongitudinal slot engraved on the arm of the shackle. However, thewasher I must be fastened to the shackle by a screw. Thus those washersare stationary while the permutation disks are rotatable. Therefore thegroup of said washers and said disks can move up or down together withthe shackle.

A locking cylinder (0) having three unequally spaced parallel columns oflocking protrusions on its inside wall (see FIG. & 10a) encircles thepermutation disks assembly when they are assembled. The lockingprotrusions are formed integrally with the cylinder, and are alignedcircumferentially with like protrusions in the other columns. Thecolumer distances between the protrusions are each just a little largerthan the thickness of the permutation disk, and the thickness of each ofthe protrusions are just a little smaller than the thickness of thespacing washer except the top and bot, tom one of the protrusions (seeR, R, in FIG. 10) which are lengthened for the purpose to be laterdescribed. The width of the protrusions are just a little smaller thanthe width of the notches N, N N, on the peripheries of the permutationdisks. With such an arrangement the disks can rotate freely within thespaces of the protrusions, when they are encircled in the lockingcylinder. However the locking cylinder can not be moved by the frictionof any of the disks, because the locking protrusion R, which islengthened as mentioned above is grasped by the notch Y on the peripheryof the stationary washer 1 (see FIG. 17). Thus when the disks are drivenand rotated, the washers as well as the cylinder will remain stationarywith the shackle and, as the shackle is pulled to slide up or down whenthe notches on the permutation disks are lined up with the lockingprotrusions, the cylinder will remain in its position, be-

cause the top edge of the cylinder is bearing against the transfer disk(K). When assembled, it will be observed that only the notch Y on theperiphery of the washer I will slide up and down along the protrusion Rwhen the shackle is pulled.

A transfer disk (K) having protrusions equally spaced around itsperiphery is fixed concentrically with the dial (I) by a hollowed-shaft,protruded through the central opening of the cap (J), for unitarymovement. The hollow shaft accommodates the centering arm of the shacklewhich passes therethrough.

A castle shape permutation-disk-driving-plate (L) having notches equallyspaced around its top periphery (see FIG. 9) is secured between theprotrusions (R,) and the transfer disk (K) to keep contact with thetransfer disk (K). The notches of the said plate (L) are made to fit theprotrusions on the transfer disk for unitary movement of the dial,transfer disk and the driving plate. Any shift in the relationship ofthe driving plate to the transfer disk by their notches and theprotrusions will change the combination of the permutationoperateddevice. -A small tooth T protruded from the bottom surface of thedriving plate is formed integrally with the plate and is provided fordriving the permutation disks.

There are three driven teeth T, T T fastened, by

three small screws, adjacent theperipheries of the three permutationdisks respectively, the teeth being located in any one of severalselected cuts which are provided around the peripheries of the disks(see FIG. 19), for the purpose of adding changeability of thecombinations. These cuts in the disks are deeper and narrower than thefirst mentioned notches N, N N, on the disks. Thus the lockingprotrusions of the locking cylinder can not enter these cuts nor canthey interfere with movement of the teeth T, T, T, on the disks.

In the operation of the permutation-operated device, the motion of thedial (I) will impart to the permutation-disk-driving plate (L) throughthe transfer disk (K) unitary movement as described. The tooth T at thebottom surface of the said plate will first strike the tooth T androtate the disk 6, and then will impart rotation to disk 4 and disk 2through teeth T T and T, accordingly until the notches N, N N, on thesaid disks are finally in alignment with the previously described threeparalleled locking protrusions on the locking cylinder (Q), the shacklecan then be pulled and slid upwardly to unlock the lock, when thekey-operated device is also in the unlocked position. However theshackle can be pulled no further when its off-set arm is clear of theopening in the lug of the casing (E), because the top spacing washer 7mounted on the centering arm of the same shackle serves as a stop to itsmovement, when it comes against the under surface of the driving plate(L). As soon as the shackle is pulled up, the locking protrusions willfall into the confines of the notches N, N N respectively. Thus therotation of the shackle about its centering arm will not disturb thealignment of the disks, but the disks as well as the locking cylinder(0) will rotate with the shackle simultaneously, because the notch Y onthe spacing washer l grasps the protrusion R of the locking cylinder forunitary movement. The disks will still not be disturbed when theshackleis pushed into its locked position. Therefore it is necessary toturn the dial over a complete turn in either direction to disturb thedisks purposely to lock the lock.

The cap (J) as above referred to is mounted freely and rotatably aboutthe hollowed shaft between the dial (l) and the transfer disk (K), andis capable of being removed from the lock body, after the lock isunlocked and the fastening screw e is unscrewed, for disassembly orreplacement of the parts as well as for varying the locking devices. Theconnection between the cap and the casing can be a threaded type or aslot and flange type (see FIG. 6a and 21a), or any other preferabletype, as long as the connection will restrain the cap from movement awayfrom the casing and from turning in one direction, while the arm of theshackle will restrain the same from .turning in the other direction whenthe cap is installed in its proper position and the lock is locked. Whenassembling, the cap is first installed over the top of the casing in amanner to line up the projections a b c d on the cap with the gapsbetween the projections a b c d on the top edge of the casing. The capis then pushed downwardly as far asit can go and turned in the properdirectionuntil the lug of the cap is lined up below, and fully matchedwith, the lug of the casing. The end of the projections on the top edgeof the casing will act as a stop for the said projections on the cap sothat it can be turned no further. As soon as the shackle is pushed intothe lock and locked, the offset arm of the shackle will bear against theshoulder of the lug of the cap and thus the cap can not be turned in thereverse direction. A small screw e is provided to fasten the cap to thecasing and prevent it from accidentally becoming loose when the lock isunlocked. To disconnect the cap from the casing a reverse procedure isfollowed: first remove the fastening screw e and unlock the lock,second, pull the shackle out of the opening in the lug of the casing,third, turn the cap in the opposite direction of that of installation asfar as it can turn, then lift the cap off the casing. it will be notedthat the dial and the transfer disk as described will be removedtogether with the cap.

. Several apertures are cut in the wall of the said locking cylinder(see FIG. 10). The said apertures are provided fr inspection or forchecking the combination of the lock. The inspection can be made throughthe apertures before the permutation-operated mechanism is can be variedand tried for unlocking and locking the structed so that: the firstaudible feeling, when the shackleis being pushed in, indicates the lockis ready to be locked by the permutation-operated device alone; thesecond audible feeling, when-the shackle is further pushed in, indicatesthe lock is ready to be locked by both of the locking devices at thesame time and; and the third audible feeling, when the shackle is stillfurther pushed in against the bottom of the lock, indicates the lockwill be locked by the key-operated device alone. The said snap ring andthe circular grooves may be made at any convineint location other thanat the dial as in this construction (see FIG. 7), for coacting each withthe other.

It will be noted that when the shackle is pushed in against the bottomof the lock, for permitting the lock to be locked by the key-operateddevice alone, the driving tooth T of the driving plate (L) will clearthe driven teeth of the permutation disks, making the dial inoperativewith respect to the permutation disks while said disks are held in theirunlocked positions by the above mentioned protrusions on the inside wallof the locking cylinder, hence no interference exists between the dial,or permutation-operated mechanism andthe key-operated mechanisms. Thusother person will not know whether the lock is locked either by one orby both of the locking devices, this of course adds to the secrecy of alock.

Although the invention is illustrated as being embodied in a padlock, itwill be apparent that the invention may, with equal facility, beutilized in other types of locks. It is of course to be understood thatalthough I have described in detail the preferred embodiment of myinvention, the invention is not to be thus limited but onlyinsofar asdefined by the scope and spirit of the ap pended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock comprising a body, aremovable cap having a center opening and a removable key operatedmechanism, a slidable and rotatable shackle having one arm extendingcentrally into the body through the center opening of the said removablecap, the said key operated mechanism spaced longitudinally of said armhaving means to retain the shackle in locked position.

2. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim 1wherein the key operated locking mechanism comprises a key receivingguide, a plurality mechanism as many times as desired, until the newcombination has been familiarized and remembered,

before it is put back into the lock casing ready for use.

There are three circular grooves formed integrally on the centering armof the shackle (see 11 in FIG. 20) for the purpose of holding theshackle in its desired position by a removable snap ring (see FIG. 8).Said ring is mounted stationary in the dial or between any twoappropriate adjacent structures within the lock and encircles thecentering arm for engaging in said grooves of the arm. Whenever theshackle is pulled up or pushed in, the said ring will slide over thecircular groove or grooves of the said arm and, produce an audiblefeeling for determining the desired-position of the shackle forselectively locking the lock by either one or both of the lockingdevices. it is arranged and conof interchangeable ward plates of thesame thicknesses,

but different in diameters of axially aligned key receiving holestherethrough, means to interchange the mounting order of the ward platesto change the key operated locking mechanism, a locking plate and a hookbeingremovably and replaceably mounted between any selected two of saidkey receiving plates whereby varying coded keys having numerals thereoncan be used in accordance with numerals marked on the key receivingplates.

3. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim 2wherein a mounting cup of x-shape having four angular protrusions formedintegrally and equally apart on its inside wall serves as a mountingframe for the ward plates, locking plate and the hook, said protrusionsalso serve as a guide for the longitudinal movement of the locking plateand the hook.

. 4. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim3 wherein the said removable cap serves as a closure for the top of saidbody, means confined by said cap and abutting the key operated mechanismto make the locking action effective when the cap is properly installedand the lock is in locked condition.

5. In a lock construction, in combination, a look as defined in claim 4wherein the connection between the cap and body provides meanspreventing said cap from turning in one direction and co-actingstructure between the cap and the other arm of the shackle providesmeans for preventing rotation of said cap in the other direction,thereby preventing the cap and the key operated mechanism from beingremoved from the lock body, except when the lock is in unlocked condition.

6. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock comprising a body, aremovable cap having a center opening and a removable permutationoperated mechanism, a slidable and rotatable shackle having one armextending centrally into the body through the center opening of the saidremovable cap, the said permutation operated mechanism includingadjustably positioned tumblers with said body and carried by said armand movable therewith during its sliding motion and having means toretain the shackle in locked position.

7. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim 6wherein the permutation operated mechanism comprises said tumblers inthe form of a plurality of rotatable permutation disks, a rotatable dialfor rotating said disks, a member interconnected with said dial forunitary movement therewith, said disks each having a single tooth and apluraltiy of notches in the periphery thereof, means for shifting therelationship between the dial and member, and means for changing therelationship of the teeth and notches on the permutation disks, eitheror both of the last two means operating to change the permutationcontrolled locking mechanism.

8. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim 7wherein a transfer disk is fixed to the dial, said member being arotatable plate intercom nected with said dial through said transferdisk, and spacing washers fixedly mounted on said arm between alternatepermutation disks.

9. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim 8wherein the lock body includes a cylindrical wall and comprising alocking cylinder mounted within the cylindrical wall of the lock bodyand encircling the permutation disks and washers, protrusions thereoncooperating with the notches in said permutation disks for locking andunlocking the permutation operated locking mechanism, cooperating meanson said locking cylinder and at least one of said washers for holdingthe locking cylinder stationary while the permutation disks are drivenby the rotatable member, said means also maintaining theproperrelationship between the protrusions and notches when the disks are inthe unlocked position whereby the locking arm is free of interference insliding in and out of the body.

10. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim 9wherein said locking cylinder has a plurality of apertures cut in theside wall thereof for checking the correct combination of thepermutation operated locking mechanism before it is inserted into thelock body.

11. In a lock construction, in combination, a look as defined in claim10 wherein a removable cap serves as a closure for the top of said body,said cap abutting the permutation operated mechanism to make the lockingaction effective when the cap is properly installed and the lock is inlocked condition.

12. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim11 wherein the connection between the cap and body provides meanspreventing said cap from turning in one direction and co-actingstructure between the cap and the other arm of the shackle providesmeans for preventing rotation of said cap in the other direction,thereby preventing the cap and the permutation operated mechanism frombeing removed from the lock body except when the lock is in unlockedcondition.

13. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock comprising a body, aremovable cap, a slidable and rotatable shackle having one arm extendingcentrally into the body through the cap, two removable lockingmechanisms within said body and each having means spaced longitudinallyof said arm and coacting individually therewith to retain the shackle inlocked position, key ward means controlling key operating of one of saidmechanisms and permutation means controlling the operation of the otherof said mechanisms, said-two mechanisms being removably contained withinsaid body and constructed and arranged to provide means permittingseparate and independent operation of each so that either one iseffective to lock and unlock the lock while the other is ineffectivesaid key ward means comprising a mounting cup of x-shape having fourangularprotrusions formed integrally and equally apart on its insidewall and located in the lower part of said body, at least one lockingplate and a hook and a plurality of ward plates of the same thicknessinterchangeably mounted within said x-shaped cup and having axiallyaligned key receiving holes therethrough which differ in diameter, and akey rceiving hole through the bottom of said body and axially alignedwith the holes through the ward plates, and said permutation meanscomprising a rotatable dial, a transfer disk fixed to said dial, arotatable plate separably interconnected with said transfer disk forrotation therewith, a locking cylinder having inwardly extendingprotrusions thereon and located in the upper part of said body, aplurality of rotatable permutation disks driven from said rotatableplate and located within said locking cylinder and each having aplurality of peripheral notches cooperating with said protrusions forlocking and unlocking the permutation locking mechanism, spacing washersmounted on said arm and located between alternate permutation disks,cooperating means on said locking cylinder and at least oneof saidwashers for holding the locking cylinder stationary while thepermutation disks are driven by said rotatable plate, this cooperatingmeans also maintaining the proper relationship between the protrusionsand notches when the disks are in the unlocked position, the drivingrelationship between the rotatable plate and the rotatable permutationdisks including a single tooth carried by each, means whereby therelationship between the teeth and peripheral notches may be varied andmeans whereby therelationship between the rotatable plate and thetransfer disk may be varied, either or both of these latter two meansoperating to change the permutation controlled locking mechanism, andthe locking cylinder having a plurality of apertures in its side wallthrough which the permutation arrangement may be viewed prior toinstallation for determining the correct combination.

14. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim13 wherein a removable snap ring, around the central arm of the shackle,is mounted stationary between any two appropriate adjacent structures ofthe lock, several circular grooves formed in the said arm, said ring andsaid grooves coacting with each other to produce an audible feeling forindicating the desired position of the shackle as it is being pulled upor pushed in for the purpose of selectively locking the lock either byone or by both of the locking devices.

15. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim14 wherein the said two mechanisms 1 are constructed and arranged toprovide means for selectively locking the lock either by one or by bothof the locking devices, in which: the first audible feeling of the saidring and saidgroove, when the shackle is being pushed in, indicating thelock will be lock by permutation operated locking mechanism alone; thesecond audible feeling of said ring and said groove, when the shackle isbeing further pushed in, indicating the lock will be locked by bothlocking mechanisms at the same time and, the third audible feeling ofsaid ring and said groove, when the shackle is being more further pushedin against the bottom of the lock, indicating the lock will be locked bykey operated locking mechanism alone, means also provided in the thirdoperation causing the dial to become inoperative with respect to thepermutation disks while the disks are held in their un locked positionby the protrusions of the locking cylinder.

16. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim13 wherein a removable cap serves as a closure for the top of said body,said cap and said locking mechanisms abut one another to make thelocking action effective when the cap is properly installed and the lockis in locked condition.

17. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim16 wherein the connection between the cap and body provides meanspreventing said cap body except when the lock is in unlocked condition.

1. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock coMprising a body, aremovable cap having a center opening and a removable key operatedmechanism, a slidable and rotatable shackle having one arm extendingcentrally into the body through the center opening of the said removablecap, the said key operated mechanism spaced longitudinally of said armhaving means to retain the shackle in locked position.
 2. In a lockconstruction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim 1 wherein thekey operated locking mechanism comprises a key receiving guide, aplurality of interchangeable ward plates of the same thicknesses, butdifferent in diameters of axially aligned key receiving holestherethrough, means to interchange the mounting order of the ward platesto change the key operated locking mechanism, a locking plate and a hookbeing removably and replaceably mounted between any selected two of saidkey receiving plates whereby varying coded keys having numerals thereoncan be used in accordance with numerals marked on the key receivingplates.
 3. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as defined inclaim 2 wherein a mounting cup of x-shape having four angularprotrusions formed integrally and equally apart on its inside wallserves as a mounting frame for the ward plates, locking plate and thehook, said protrusions also serve as a guide for the longitudinalmovement of the locking plate and the hook.
 4. In a lock construction,in combination, a lock as defined in claim 3 wherein the said removablecap serves as a closure for the top of said body, means confined by saidcap and abutting the key operated mechanism to make the locking actioneffective when the cap is properly installed and the lock is in lockedcondition.
 5. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as definedin claim 4 wherein the connection between the cap and body providesmeans preventing said cap from turning in one direction and co-actingstructure between the cap and the other arm of the shackle providesmeans for preventing rotation of said cap in the other direction,thereby preventing the cap and the key operated mechanism from beingremoved from the lock body, except when the lock is in unlockedcondition.
 6. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock comprisinga body, a removable cap having a center opening and a removablepermutation operated mechanism, a slidable and rotatable shackle havingone arm extending centrally into the body through the center opening ofthe said removable cap, the said permutation operated mechanismincluding adjustably positioned tumblers with said body and carried bysaid arm and movable therewith during its sliding motion and havingmeans to retain the shackle in locked position.
 7. In a lockconstruction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim 6 wherein thepermutation operated mechanism comprises said tumblers in the form of aplurality of rotatable permutation disks, a rotatable dial for rotatingsaid disks, a member interconnected with said dial for unitary movementtherewith, said disks each having a single tooth and a pluraltiy ofnotches in the periphery thereof, means for shifting the relationshipbetween the dial and member, and means for changing the relationship ofthe teeth and notches on the permutation disks, either or both of thelast two means operating to change the permutation controlled lockingmechanism.
 8. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as definedin claim 7 wherein a transfer disk is fixed to the dial, said memberbeing a rotatable plate interconnected with said dial through saidtransfer disk, and spacing washers fixedly mounted on said arm betweenalternate permutation disks.
 9. In a lock construction, in combination,a lock as defined in claim 8 wherein the lock body includes acylindrical wall and comprising a locking cylinder mounted within thecylindrical wall of the lock body and encircling the permutation disksand washers, protrusions thereon cooperating with the notches in saidpermutation disks for locking and unlocking the permutation Operatedlocking mechanism, cooperating means on said locking cylinder and atleast one of said washers for holding the locking cylinder stationarywhile the permutation disks are driven by the rotatable member, saidmeans also maintaining the proper relationship between the protrusionsand notches when the disks are in the unlocked position whereby thelocking arm is free of interference in sliding in and out of the body.10. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim 9wherein said locking cylinder has a plurality of apertures cut in theside wall thereof for checking the correct combination of thepermutation operated locking mechanism before it is inserted into thelock body.
 11. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock as definedin claim 10 wherein a removable cap serves as a closure for the top ofsaid body, said cap abutting the permutation operated mechanism to makethe locking action effective when the cap is properly installed and thelock is in locked condition.
 12. In a lock construction, in combination,a lock as defined in claim 11 wherein the connection between the cap andbody provides means preventing said cap from turning in one directionand co-acting structure between the cap and the other arm of the shackleprovides means for preventing rotation of said cap in the otherdirection, thereby preventing the cap and the permutation operatedmechanism from being removed from the lock body except when the lock isin unlocked condition.
 13. In a lock construction, in combination, alock comprising a body, a removable cap, a slidable and rotatableshackle having one arm extending centrally into the body through thecap, two removable locking mechanisms within said body and each havingmeans spaced longitudinally of said arm and coacting individuallytherewith to retain the shackle in locked position, key ward meanscontrolling key operating of one of said mechanisms and permutationmeans controlling the operation of the other of said mechanisms, saidtwo mechanisms being removably contained within said body andconstructed and arranged to provide means permitting separate andindependent operation of each so that either one is effective to lockand unlock the lock while the other is ineffective said key ward meanscomprising a mounting cup of x-shape having four angular protrusionsformed integrally and equally apart on its inside wall and located inthe lower part of said body, at least one locking plate and a hook and aplurality of ward plates of the same thickness interchangeably mountedwithin said x-shaped cup and having axially aligned key receiving holestherethrough which differ in diameter, and a key rceiving hole throughthe bottom of said body and axially aligned with the holes through theward plates, and said permutation means comprising a rotatable dial, atransfer disk fixed to said dial, a rotatable plate separablyinterconnected with said transfer disk for rotation therewith, a lockingcylinder having inwardly extending protrusions thereon and located inthe upper part of said body, a plurality of rotatable permutation disksdriven from said rotatable plate and located within said lockingcylinder and each having a plurality of peripheral notches cooperatingwith said protrusions for locking and unlocking the permutation lockingmechanism, spacing washers mounted on said arm and located betweenalternate permutation disks, cooperating means on said locking cylinderand at least one of said washers for holding the locking cylinderstationary while the permutation disks are driven by said rotatableplate, this cooperating means also maintaining the proper relationshipbetween the protrusions and notches when the disks are in the unlockedposition, the driving relationship between the rotatable plate and therotatable permutation disks including a single tooth carried by each,means whereby the relationship between the teeth and peripheral notchesmay be varied and means whereby the relationship between the rotatAbleplate and the transfer disk may be varied, either or both of theselatter two means operating to change the permutation controlled lockingmechanism, and the locking cylinder having a plurality of apertures inits side wall through which the permutation arrangement may be viewedprior to installation for determining the correct combination.
 14. In alock construction, in combination, a lock as defined in claim 13 whereina removable snap ring, around the central arm of the shackle, is mountedstationary between any two appropriate adjacent structures of the lock,several circular grooves formed in the said arm, said ring and saidgrooves coacting with each other to produce an audible feeling forindicating the desired position of the shackle as it is being pulled upor pushed in for the purpose of selectively locking the lock either byone or by both of the locking devices.
 15. In a lock construction, incombination, a lock as defined in claim 14 wherein the said twomechanisms are constructed and arranged to provide means for selectivelylocking the lock either by one or by both of the locking devices, inwhich: the first audible feeling of the said ring and said groove, whenthe shackle is being pushed in, indicating the lock will be lock bypermutation operated locking mechanism alone; the second audible feelingof said ring and said groove, when the shackle is being further pushedin, indicating the lock will be locked by both locking mechanisms at thesame time and, the third audible feeling of said ring and said groove,when the shackle is being more further pushed in against the bottom ofthe lock, indicating the lock will be locked by key operated lockingmechanism alone, means also provided in the third operation causing thedial to become inoperative with respect to the permutation disks whilethe disks are held in their unlocked position by the protrusions of thelocking cylinder.
 16. In a lock construction, in combination, a lock asdefined in claim 13 wherein a removable cap serves as a closure for thetop of said body, said cap and said locking mechanisms abut one anotherto make the locking action effective when the cap is properly installedand the lock is in locked condition.
 17. In a lock construction, incombination, a lock as defined in claim 16 wherein the connectionbetween the cap and body provides means preventing said cap from turningin one direction and co-acting structure between the cap and the otherarm of the shackle provides means for preventing rotation of said cap inthe other direction, thereby preventing the cap and the locking devicesfrom being removed from the lock body except when the lock is inunlocked condition.